0.1 About the Authors

0.2 Mobile Robot Safety General Considerations for Buyers

This is a "Basic" but a "Must" module  explaining the Legal Framework for Machine Safety with a special regard to the  Responsabilities/Liabilities of each player in a mobile robot project. 

We have a deep dive into the CE Machine Directive, the latest UKCA requirements and the USA OHSA regulation.

Moreover, we check what are the correlations between them and what are the general requirements to comply with for AGV/AMR import/export. 

 This module emphasizes on the different responsabilities and legal liabilities of the mobile robot stakeholders (manufacturer, importer/integrator, end user) cosidering the latest regulations. 

1.1 Introduction to Legal Framework
1.2 What is an AGV-AMR?
1.3 Legal Framework for Machine Safety
1.4 Global Safety Frameworks
1.5 Conformity Assessment in EU and UK
1.6 Europe Safety Regulatory Entities (Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu)
1.7 United States Safety Regulatory Entities
1.8 Addressing Modifications and Environment-Specific Challenges

The second chapter  is a crucial step in mastering the application of various standards and regulations behind mobile robot projects.

Readers will acquire practical knowledge of the Standards Structure, their type, obligatoriness and applications. 

2.1. What is a Standard?
2.2 EU Safety by Design General Overview
2.3 Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
2.4 Type A Standard
2.5 Type B Standard
2.6 Type C Standard
2.7 Technical Specification (TS)
2.8 Technical Report (TR)
2.9 Overview of some mobile robot standards
2.10 Harmonized Standards
2.11 Recommended steps for the practical use of ISO12100 and existing type-B and type-C standards
2.12 How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards (ISO/TR22100-1:2021)
2.13 Conclusions

This chapter focuses on risk assessment of both individual mobile robots and their operational settings, this chapter is key for proactively identifying and managing safety risks, setting the stage for a secure and compliant operation.

3.1 Introduction
3.2 What is a Risk Assessment?
3.3 Main Steps of Risk Assessment
3.4 Risk assessment Machine
3.5 Risk assessment Environment

Now, it is essential to understand what is risk reduction and how to perform it.

We'll engage with the step-by-step risk reduction process and compare the nuances between B11.0: 2020 and ISO 12100:2010.

We'll discover the Sistema software, and learn how to minimize residual risks in your environmental risk assessments.

4.1 Intro
4.2 Risk Reduction
4.3 B11.0 and ISO12100 Risk Reduction Approach
4.4 Risk Reduction – Technical Protective Measures
4.5 SISTEMA Software
4.6 Risk Transfer (Information for Use, Training and Warning Signs)

What are the main standards for safe mobile robots? 

We'll have an overview of the foundational standards ISO 3691-4:2023, EN 1175:2020, ANSI/ITSDF B56.5-2019, B15.08, UL3100... and more

5.1 American Standards
5.2 ISO/EN Standards

We will explore the verification process and how it contributes to the reliable and safe operation of mobile robot systems.

What is necessary to ensure that AGVs/AMRs meet stringent safety standards and requirements?

An accurate verification not only ensures regulatory compliance but also fortifies the trust in AGV systems, safeguarding operations and personnel.

6.1 Validation Process Overview
6.2 Validation Plan
6.3 Machinery Regulation EU 2023/1230 Considerations
6.4 Mobile Robot Validation Process, SRS
6.5 Safety Loop Performance Level – SISTEMA
6.6 Test A & B for detection of persons by mobile robots
6.7 Example of Check List
6.8 Software Validation

A solid understanding of safe operational procedures is crucial. We will discuss how operators and personnel are trained to operate mobile robots safely and how these procedures are integrated into daily practice.

7.1 Navigation and Safety

7.2 Hazard Classification Zone (EN/ISO 3691-4:2023)
7.3 ISO 3691-4:2023 - Zone Classification Tables
7.4 A closer look into the Operating Zone
7.5 A closer look into the Operating Hazard Zone (example floor buffer case)
7.6 Muting of safety detection means
7.7 Final things to do – Checklist